Basic Commands

1. echo: Prints text to the terminal.
   • Example: echo "Hello, World!" prints Hello, World!
2. clear: Clears the terminal screen.
   • Example: clear
3. CTRL + L: A keyboard shortcut to clear the terminal screen, similar to the clear command.
4. date: Displays the current date and time.
   • Example: date will output the current date and time like Fri Sep 8 10:34:12 UTC 2024.
5. history: Shows the list of previously entered commands in the terminal.
   • Example: history will list recent commands you've used.

File and Directory Manipulation

1. pwd: Prints the current working directory.
   • Example: pwd might output /home/user.
2. ls: Lists files and directories in the current directory.
   • Example: ls lists all files, ls -l shows detailed info (permissions, owner, etc.).
3. file: Determines the file type.
   • Example: file myfile.txt might return ASCII text if it's a text file.
4. cd: Changes the current directory.
   • Example: cd /home/user/Documents changes to the Documents directory.
5. mkdir: Creates a new directory.
   • Example: mkdir new_folder creates a directory called new_folder.
6. rmdir: Removes an empty directory.
   • Example: rmdir old_folder deletes the directory old_folder.
7. touch: Creates an empty file or updates the timestamp of an existing file.
   • Example: touch newfile.txt creates a file called newfile.txt.
8. >: Redirects output to a file (overwriting it if it exists).
   • Example: echo "Hello" > file.txt writes Hello into file.txt.
9. >>: Appends output to the end of a file.
   • Example: echo "World" >> file.txt appends World to file.txt.
10. tee: Redirects output to both a file and the terminal.
    • Example: echo "Hello" | tee output.txt writes Hello to output.txt and prints it on the terminal.
11. nano or vim: Text editors used in the terminal.
    • Example: nano file.txt opens file.txt in the nano editor.
12. cat: Displays the contents of a file.
    • Example: cat file.txt shows the content of file.txt.
13. less: Views the content of a file one page at a time.
    • Example: less file.txt allows you to scroll through file.txt.